Paul and the Justification by faith

Abstract

The article addresses the theme of justification by faith in Pauline theology, a topic that, even after nearly 25 years since the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999), remains central and controversial. Building on critiques of traditional interpretations, the text explores two hermeneutical shifts: the “covenantal nomism” proposed by E. P. Sanders, which rejects the legalistic characterization of Palestinian Judaism, and the “Jewish particularism” defended by James D. G. Dunn, which interprets justification as an inclusive act in response to Jewish exclusivism. The article also examines the tension between the sociological perspective of these approaches and Paul’s Christological centrality, emphasizing that salvation is exclusively mediated through Christ. Engaging with Galatians and Romans, the study investigates how justification by faith affirms both the sufficiency of Christ for Gentile Christians and His universal necessity, including for Jews. The reflection concludes that the theme remains relevant, challenging our understanding of the Christ event and its impact on the experience of faith. Thus, the article not only revisits the exegetical debate but also sheds light on broader theological implications, reaffirming justification by faith as a pivotal point in proclaiming the Gospel and in contemporary Christian practice.